Java SE

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    • JMH
    • Using JMH
    • Java Performance Tuning Guide
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• Java 8:
  • Functional Interfaces
  • Lambda_FilteredCustomer
  • Lambda Expressions
  • JDK 8: Lambda Performance Study
• Java 9:
  • What’s New
  • What’s Cool
• Java 10:
  • What’s New
  • New Features
  • How Java 10 changes the way we use Anonymous Inner Classes

• Licensing:
  • Support Entitlement for Java SE When Used As Part of Another Oracle Product (Doc ID 1557737.1)

• Posts:
  • The Good and the Bad of Java Programming

History of Java

• Threads, Streams and Parallelism:
  • Concurrency:
    • Concurrency
    • Understanding Threads
    • Thread Priority
    • Thread Priority 2
    • Threads &  Synchronized
  • Streams:
    • Stream Parallel Guidance – Written by Doug Lea, with the help of Brian Goetz, Paul Sandoz, Aleksey Shipilev, Heinz Kabutz, Joe Bowbeer
    • Performance
    • Java Streams – Excellent Read by Brian Goetz
    • Parallel Streams
      • Parallel Stream Issues
      • Parallel Issues
      • Fork/Join:
        • Fork-Join Issues
        • A Fork/Join Blunder
    • Collectors:
      • Guide to Java 8 Collectors
      • Joining examples

• Processes and Threads:
  • Processes and Threads
  • Difference between Processes and Threads

• Package and Module Design:
  • JEP 261 Module System Specs
  • Modula-2 Examples
  • Structure Charts
  • Packages:
    • Package Design 1
    • Package Design 2
    • Package Design 3
  • Modules:
    • Compile and Run Modules: Project Jigsaw
    • Getting Started with Java 9 Modules and JLink

• Time & Date:
  • Time Zone (ZoneId)

• JDK Release History:

JDK Beta	1995
JDK 1.0	January 1996	The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1
JDK 1.1	February 1997	an extensive retooling of the AWT event model inner classes added to the language JavaBeans JDBC RMI reflection
J2SE 1.2	December 1998	the Swing graphical API was integrated into the core classes Sun’s JVM was equipped with a JIT compiler for the first time Java plug-in Java IDL, an IDL implementation for CORBA interoperability Collections framework
J2SE 1.3	May 2000	HotSpot JVM included (the HotSpot JVM was first released in April 1999 for the J2SE 1.2 JVM) RMI was modified to support optional compatibility with CORBA Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) included in core libraries (previously available as an extension) Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA)
J2SE 1.4	February 2002	Language changes assert keyword (specified in JSR 41) Library improvements Regular expressions modeled after Perl regular expressions Exception chaining allows an exception to encapsulate original lower-level exception Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support Non-blocking I/O (Java) (named NIO) (specified in JSR 51) Logging API (specified in JSR 47) Image I/O API for reading and writing images in formats like JPEG and PNG Integrated XML parser and XSLT processor (JAXP) (specified in JSR 5 and JSR 63) Integrated security and cryptography extensions (JCE, JSSE, JAAS) Java Web Start included (Java Web Start was first released in March 2001 for J2SE 1.3) (specified in JSR 56) Preferences API (java.util.prefs)
J2SE 5.0	September 2004	Generics: provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts (type conversion) (specified by JSR 14) Metadata: also called annotations; allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities (specified by JSR 175) Autoboxing/unboxing: automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer) (specified by JSR 201) Enumerations: the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201) Varargs: the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String… lines)); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that type Enhanced for each loop: the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable, such as the standard Collection classes (specified by JSR 201) Improved semantics of execution for multi-threaded Java programs; the new Java memory model addresses issues of complexity, effectiveness, and performance of previous specifications[21] Static imports There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:Automatic stub generation for RMI objects Swing: New skinnable look and feel, called synth The concurrency utilities in package java.util.concurrent[22] Scanner class for parsing data from various input streams and buffers
Java SE 6	December 2006	Scripting Language Support (JSR 223): Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino integration. Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform,[48][49] and Swing. Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224). JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221). Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically. Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0: Including integration of a StAX parser. Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269).[50] Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect). JVM improvements include: synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrades to existing garbage collection algorithms, and application start-up performance.
Java SE 7	July 2011	JVM support for dynamic languages, with the new invokedynamic bytecode under JSR-292,[143] following the prototyping work currently done on the Multi Language Virtual Machine Compressed 64-bit pointers[144] (available in Java 6 with -XX:+UseCompressedOops)[145] These small language changes (grouped under a project named Coin):[146] Strings in switch[147] Automatic resource management in try-statement[148] Improved type inference for generic instance creation, aka the diamond operator <>[149] Simplified varargs method declaration[150] Binary integer literals[151] Allowing underscores in numeric literals[152] Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking[153] Concurrency utilities under JSR 166[154] New file I/O library (defined by JSR 203) adding support for multiple file systems, file metadata and symbolic links. The new packages are java.nio.file, java.nio.file.attribute and java.nio.file.spi[155][156] Timsort is used to sort collections and arrays of objects instead of merge sort Library-level support for elliptic curve cryptography algorithms An XRender pipeline for Java 2D, which improves handling of features specific to modern GPUs New platform APIs for the graphics features originally implemented in version 6u10 as unsupported APIs[157] Enhanced library-level support for new network protocols, including SCTP and Sockets Direct Protocol Upstream updates to XML and Unicode Java Deployment Rulesets[158] Lambda (Java’s implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java’s implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8 (except for Jigsaw, which was in Java 9).[159][160]
Java SE 8 (LTS)	March 2014	JSR 335, JEP 126: Language-level support for lambda expressions (officially, lambda expressions; unofficially, closures) under Project Lambda[238] and default methods (virtual extension methods)[239][240][241] which allow the addition of methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations. There was an ongoing debate in the Java community on whether to add support for lambda expressions.[242][243] Sun later declared that lambda expressions would be included in Java and asked for community input to refine the feature.[244] Supporting lambda expressions also enables functional-style operations on streams of elements, such as MapReduce-inspired transformations on collections. Default methods allow an author of an API to add new methods to an interface without breaking the old code using it. Although it was not their primary intent,[239] default methods also allow multiple inheritance of behavior (but not state). JSR 223, JEP 174: Project Nashorn, a JavaScript runtime which allows developers to embed JavaScript code within applications JSR 308, JEP 104: Annotation on Java Types[245] Unsigned Integer Arithmetic[246] JSR 337, JEP 120: Repeating annotations[247] JSR 310, JEP 150: Date and Time API[248] JEP 178: Statically-linked JNI libraries[249] JEP 153: Launch JavaFX applications (direct launching of JavaFX application JARs)[250] JEP 122: Remove the permanent generation[251]
Java SE 9	September 2017	JSR 376: Modularization of the JDK under Project Jigsaw (Java Platform Module System)[160] JEP 222: jshell: The Java Shell (a Java REPL)[302] JEP 295: Ahead-of-Time Compilation[303] JEP 268: XML Catalogs[304] JEP 266: More concurrency updates.[305] It includes a Java implementation of Reactive Streams,[306] including a new Flow class[307] that included the interfaces previously provided by Reactive Streams.[308] JEP 193: Variable Handles:[309] Define a standard means to invoke the equivalents of various java.util.concurrent.atomic and sun.misc.Unsafe operations JEP 282: jlink: The Java Linker:[310] Create a tool that can assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom run-time image. It effectively allows to produce a fully usable executable including the JVM to run it. JavaDB was removed from JDK[311] JEP 263: HiDPI Graphics: Automatic scaling and sizing[312]
Java SE 10 (18.3)	March 2018	JEP 286: Local-variable type inference[319] JEP 317: Experimental Java-based JIT compiler.[320] This is the integration of the Graal dynamic compiler for the Linux x64 platform JEP 310: Application class-data sharing.[321] This allows application classes to be placed in the shared archive to reduce startup and footprint for Java applications JEP 322: Time-based release versioning[322] JEP 307: Parallel full GC for G1[323] JEP 304: Garbage-collector interface[324] JEP 314: Additional Unicode language-tag extensions[325] JEP 319: Root certificates[326] JEP 312: Thread-local handshakes[327] JEP 316: Heap allocation on alternative memory devices[328] JEP 313: Remove the native-header generation tool – javah[329] JEP 296: Consolidate the JDK forest into a single repository[330]
Java SE 11 (18.9 LTS)	September 2018	JEP 309: Dynamic class-file constants[336] JEP 318: Epsilon: a no-op garbage collector[337] JEP 323: Local-variable syntax for lambda parameters[338] JEP 331: Low-overhead heap profiling[339] JEP 321: HTTP client (standard)[340] JEP 332: Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3[341] JEP 328: Flight recorder[342] JavaFX, Java EE and CORBA modules have been removed from JDK.[343]
Java SE 12 (19.3)	March 2019